Published · 8 November 2026
Evidence reviewed 8 November
04 / 09What the studies establish
Sources & notes ↗
0409:13 · A number needs a reference

Moving together is
the beginning of a case.

Chapter 4 of 9 · About 4 minutes
Follow the day

Imagine two dancers who always move together. That tells us something real about their timing, but it does not make them the same dancer. The studies below test related movement in signals; the cartoon shows why that is a beginning rather than the whole claim.

Do the studies prove Temple accurately measures brain blood flow?

The two September 2026 preprints examined here report correlations between Temple’s index and reference signals during specific physiological challenges. They support studying whether the signals track related changes, but do not establish absolute cerebral blood-flow accuracy, diagnosis or longer life. The studies are unreviewed versions; correlation, agreement and clinical usefulness require different evidence. Mira’s two dancers make that distinction visible before the equation.[5][6]

While Mira waits, consider the evidence behind the index rather than the fictional reading on her wrist or temple. A September preprint by Kumar and colleagues compared Temple’s Brain Flow with middle cerebral artery velocity measured using transcranial Doppler. Twenty-three adults completed the programme, with 20 analysed per protocol. Median within-person correlations were 0.795 for exercise and 0.799 for posture transitions. The standardised comparisons concern relative responses, rather than agreement in absolute flow units.[5]

Figure 2 · TCD comparison · Reported study results

Two controlled challenges

0.795Exercise
Median within-person r
0.799Postural transition
Median within-person r
20 participants analysed per protocol; samples overlap but are not identical. Kumar et al., medRxiv, posted 4 September 2026. Preprint; Temple-funded, with disclosed consultancy. These coefficients are not percentages of accuracy.

A second preprint, by Gulati and colleagues, compared Temple with brain-assigned and scalp-assigned changes in oxygenated haemoglobin, recovered using a two-layer time-domain NIRS model. It analysed 60 sessions from 44 healthy young men. The chart below preserves all three conditions, including the one where the paired brain-versus-scalp difference did not reach statistical significance. This is a comparison with model-derived haemodynamics, rather than a direct whole-brain flow measurement.[6]

Figure 3 · TD-NIRS comparison · Reported study results

Deeper and superficial signals

Brain-assigned ΔHbOScalp-assigned ΔHbO
Gulati et al., bioRxiv, posted 24 September 2026. Bar pairs show medians; p values test within-session paired differences. No raw data or uncertainty intervals are reconstructed. Temple designed, funded and conducted the study; affiliations include Boston University. Preprint, rather than independent replication.

Both studies offer preliminary evidence of covariation under specific challenges. Their scope leaves cerebral specificity, generalisation to everyday conditions and clinical benefit unresolved. The first discloses Temple funding and a paid consultant; the second discloses company conduct and employee authorship. Those relationships matter when weighing evidence, without making the results disappear. Independent replication would add something these comparisons cannot supply on their own.[5][6]

Mira’s margin notes · A cartoon explanation

“We’re in sync. Why aren’t we equal?”

1 · Mira climbs
I climb one step, then two, then three. Please record what actually happened.
1 · 2 · 3Synthetic reference D
Mira
2 · Temple follows with an offset
Twelve! Fourteen! Sixteen! Look how beautifully I follow you.
12 · 14 · 16Synthetic B = 2D + 10
Temple · mascot
3 · Deepinder checks the claim
The movement matches perfectly. But 12 is still not 1.
r = 1Perfect correlation
Unequal values
Deepinder · cartoon

Correlation rewards moving together. Agreement asks whether the readings match in the relevant units and within acceptable error.

Imagined exchange. Three invented data points explain the same mathematical property as the five-point interactive plot. No Temple study data are being redrawn.
Open the equation · What does correlation compare?
Equation 2 · Pearson correlation
r(B,D) = Cov(B,D) / [σB σD]

Correlation describes linear covariation when both variables have nonzero variance. For B = aD + b and a > 0, r = 1 even when the scale and offset differ. Agreement requires additional questions about units, bias and error.

Figure 4 · Try the mathematics · Synthetic data

Perfect correlation.
Different readings.

Synthetic reference values and a positively rescaled outputFive reference values from one to five map to B equals two D plus ten. Their Pearson correlation is one although the values differ. This contains no Temple data.015304512345Synthetic output BReference D · arbitrary units
B = aD + bEquality B = D (dashed)
r = 1.00When D = 3, B = 16. Perfect covariation does not make the readings equal.
Original arithmetic demonstration, with five synthetic points and a common arbitrary unit for the equality comparison. It illustrates a property of correlation; it is not a reanalysis of either Temple study. Set a = 1 and b = 0 to see equality.

Temple’s website also describes Entropy as a measure of the body’s effort to shed heat, and Span as a combination of resting and maximum Entropy. These are product interpretations requiring their own validation; neither follows automatically from Brain Flow correlations. The shared name does not, by itself, establish equivalence between a proprietary score and thermodynamic entropy in physical units.[7]

Mira’s menu offers the same warning in a less technical form. Two restaurants can increase their prices in perfect proportion while serving very different food. The relation between the numbers is real, but its existence does not settle the question the diner cares about. A strong correlation helps build a case for a measurement. The case still has to name the claim it is building.